We discuss the paradigmatic bipartite spin-12 system having the probabilities (1+3x)/4 of being in the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen fully entangled state |Ψ−〉≡1/2(|↑〉A|↓〉B−|↓〉A|↑〉B) and 3(1−x)/4 of being orthogonal. This system is known to be separable if and only if...

Increasing the number N of elements of a system typically makes the entropy to increase. The question arises on what particular entropic form we have in mind and how it increases with N. Thermodynamically speaking it makes sense to choose an entropy which increases linearly with N for large N,...

We consider probabilistic models of N identical distinguishable, binary random variables. If these variables are strictly or asymptotically independent, then, for N→∞, (i) the attractor in distribution space is, according to the standard central limit theorem, a Gaussian, and (ii) the...

Statistical mechanics can only be ultimately justified in terms of microscopic dynamics (classical, quantum, relativistic, or any other). It is known that Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics is based on the hypothesis of exponential sensitivity to the initial conditions, mixing and ergodicity in Gibbs...

Ergodicity, this is to say, dynamics whose time averages coincide with ensemble averages, naturally leads to Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics, hence to standard thermodynamics. This formalism has been at the basis of an enormous success in describing, among others, the particular...

We study, through molecular dynamics, a conservative two-dimensional Lennard-Jones-like gas (with attractive potential ∝r−α). We consider the effect of the range index α of interactions, number of particles, total energy and particle density. We detect negative specific heat when the...

We numerically study a one-dimensional system of N classical localized planar rotators coupled through interactions which decay with distance as 1/rα (α≥0). The approach is a first principle one (i.e., based on Newton’s law), and yields the probability distribution of momenta. For α large...

We numerically study two conservative two-dimensional maps, namely the baker map (whose Lyapunov exponent is known to be positive), and a typical one (exhibiting a vanishing Lyapunov exponent) chosen from the generalized shift family of maps introduced by C. Moore [Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990)...

We numerically study the dynamics of elementary 1D cellular automata (CA), where the binary state σi(t)∈{0,1} of a cell i does not only depend on the states in its local neighborhood at time t-1, but also on the memory of its own past states σi(t-2),σi(t-3),…,σi(t-τ),… . We assume...

We give a closer look at the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) behavior in quasi-stationary states of the Hamiltonian Mean Field model, a paradigmatic one for long-range-interacting classical many-body systems. We present new calculations which show that, following their time evolution, we can observe...