Cities are among the best examples of complex systems. The adaptive components of a city, such as its people, firms, institutions, and physical structures, form intricate and often non-intuitive interdependencies with one another. These interdependencies can be quantified and represented as...

It is generally assumed that transitioning to a “green” economy will require industries to change the activities in which they engage. This, in turn, will induce changes in employment that some assert could eliminate entire workforce segments and require significant reskilling of others....