China is one of the largest energy consumers in the world. Excessive consumption of coal and other primary energy causes serious environmental pollution and energy crisis. China must wean from the over-reliance on coal and needs to make great efforts to develop clean and efficient renewable...

The classical operation strategy of wind farms seeks each wind turbine to convert as much aerodynamic power as available from the incoming airflow. But this does not warranty that the power converted by the whole wind farm be a maximum due to the interaction between turbines (wake effect)....

Although design of offshore wind turbines has many similarities to that of onshore turbines, a lot of considerations should be made for the additional substructure imposed on hydrodynamic loads. The additional substructure prolongs the total tower length, increasing the tower bending moment and...

Due to better wind conditions at sea, offshore wind farms have the advantage of higher electricity production compared to onshore and inland wind farms. In contrast, a greater material input, leading to increased energy consumptions and emissions during the production phase, is required to build...

The construction of an offshore demonstration wind farm was planned in a southwestern sea-area of the Korean Peninsula. To estimate economic feasibility and to establish a reliable design basis, it is necessary to identify the design parameters of the demo-farm. For a reliable estimation of the...

Optimal WT (wind turbine) layout patterns relate in detail to the specific conditions of OWF (offshore wind farm) environments and therefore each is different. This paper presents an investigation into optimal WT layout patterns for three OWF configurations (aligned, staggered, scattered) in HK...

This paper presents a novel algorithm for wind farm design and layout optimization: the Coral Reefs Optimization algorithm (CRO). The CRO is a novel bio-inspired approach, based on the simulation of reef formation and coral reproduction. The CRO is fully described and detailed in this paper, and...

In recent years, many countries have been endeavoring to exploit the offshore wind energy in terms of overcoming the limitations of on-land wind energy. Considering that mountains cover 70 percent of the Korean Peninsula and arable plains for wind energy are negligibly small, Korean government...

For wind power generation offshore sites offer significantly better wind conditions compared to onshore. At the same time, the demand for raw materials and therefore the related environmental impacts increase due to technically more demanding wind energy converters and additional components...

Offshore wind power is a renewable energy of growing relevance in current electric energy systems, presenting favorable wind conditions in comparison with the sites on land. However, the higher energy yield has to compensate the increment in installation and maintenance costs, thus the...