The paper investigates the diversified patterns of outsourcing in the Lombardy region and relates them to the probability of introducing product and process innovation. Based on a large firm-level survey, we show that outsourcing processes are strongly regionally embedded and that offshoring is...

Pervasive outsourcing is transforming business models and productive relations in advanced manufacturing areas. In particular, the international dimension of outsourcing, off-shoring, has been attracting great attention, as it leads to the emergence of global value chains and internationally...

This paper reviews the existing empirical literature on the effects of offshoring and foreign activities of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) on the labor markets of developed countries. Avail-able results provide robust evidence in support of the fear that material offshoring worsens wage...