Many private higher educational institutions (PHEI) are facing poor profitability, increased short term debts with under-resourced cash flow and insufficient funds that could lead to financial distress. To address the issues of ever-changing business environments and to deliver value...

Background Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are vital to Malaysia's economy, comprising a significant portion of all businesses. However, the COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in the SMEs' digital readiness to operate remotely. To remain competitive, SMEs must adopt digital...

Social considerations and potential for innovation in resource and technological exploitation processes have dominated traditional ideas of regional development. Similar to how regional economic progress is sometimes expressed in terms of job creation and rising property prices. An alternate...

The open innovation concept is a comparatively new model, and there is an absence of empirical evidence to support a conclusive determination of the factors that affect open innovation, especially in terms of behaviour and costs. Researchers have proposed a variety of methods and techniques for...

Open innovation model is best suited to SMEs as it complements internal R&D in enhancing performances and cost effectiveness through sustaining or gaining competitive advantage. This conceptual framework looks into the aspect of behavioral and cost to determine the adoption level. Aspect of...