Using a unique data set we empirically examine which factors explain output per contributor in open source projects. We find that the output per contributor of open source programs is much higher when licenses are less restrictive. Further examination suggests that the difference in output per...

A large and growing literature has used patent and patent citation data to measure knowledge spillovers across inventions and organizations, but relatively few papers in this literature have explicitly considered the collaboration networks formed by inventors as a mechanism for shaping and...

Product development within and across community-based and geographically dispersed virtual organizations is becoming an increasingly important mechanism through which individual knowledge holders create and disseminate knowledge in joint efforts to generate products. Without the benefits of...