The untapped potential of wave energy offers another alternative to diversifying renewable energy sources and addressing climate change by reducing CO2 emissions. However, development costs to mature the technology remain significant hurdles to adoption at scale and the technology often must...

Market option prices in last 20 years confirmed deviations from the Black and Scholes (BS) models assumptions, especially on the BS implied volatility. Implied binomial trees (IBT) models capture the variations of the implied volatility known as "volatility smile". They provide a discrete...

This paper describes a real options valuation method for situations where the underlying asset may have negative values and the underlying project present value distribution is something of the shape between normal and lognormal distribution causing skewness to the rate of return distribution....

In the study we present a fairly generalized two-level option tree that is capable of pricing credit-linked vanilla plain European/American and path-dependent options. The main contribution is thus an extension of a classical binomial tree methodology to a framework within which the underlying...