We develop a model to analyze the effects of hedging activities by options market makers (OMMs) facing informed trading. The model suggests that OMMs' hedging activities motivated by the adverse-selection risk lead to wider spreads in both stock and options markets. The hedging effect on spreads...

Money is not everything in life but money is the most important need of everyone's life. This paper describes the value of money which changed over a period of time. It also explain the important factor i.e. interest, due to which the value of money changes. This paper also discussed the...

Exotic, bespoke and long-dated options require careful model selection, calibration and pricing. Local Volatility models struggle to fit the smile and skew observed in financial markets and smile tends to flatten for long-dated maturities. Stochastic Volatility (SV) models such as the Heston...

We create market-based measures from options data to predict changes in REIT capital structure. REIT capital structure differs from that of typical listed firms: REITs have high leverage ratios of about 50 percent, their use of short-term debt is higher and more volatile, and debt issuance and...

The objective of this study was to analyze and model periodic behavior observed in India's Nifty VIX Index and to seek the origins of these previously unreported calendar variations. Implied volatility and its variations are important to understand as the pricing of many financial assets and...

This is the first study on the risk-neutral distribution of option returns. We derive solutions for the risk-neutral variance, skewness, and kurtosis of call and put option returns and document several properties of these ex-ante moments. We find that the volatility, skewness, and kurtosis of...

This paper develops a lattice method for option evaluation in the presence of regime shifts in the correlation structure of assets, aiming at investigating whether the option prices reflect such shifts. Specifically we try to investigate whether option prices reflect switches in the correlation...

We consider the Schwartz 97 two and three factor models, which have been considered as benchmarks for pricing commodity derivatives in the last two decades. In order to take account of sudden regime shifts in commodity prices, we superimpose a regime shifting structure onto this framework. Using...

This paper develops a closed-form model for options on commodities under the assumptions of mean-reversion in the commodity prices and regime-switching in the commodity returns volatility. After a closed-form solution for the option value in constant regimes has been developed, the model is...

There is a set of corporate situations, when there is an exchange of one asset for another, for example, the offer on an exchange of corporate securities. Special case of such offer is the exchange the preferred share which are available for the company on ordinary share. Application of models...