This paper suggests a new method of implementing the principle of maximum entropy to retrieve the risk neutral density of future stock, or any other asset, returns from European call and put prices. Instead of options prices used by previous studies, the method maximizes the entropy measure...

This article explores the role of the realized return distribution in the formation of the observed implied volatility smile using the framework of an adaptive expectations model. According to this framework investors update their expectations of future events, through which options are priced,...

We present a method for extracting the market risk premium from stock and option data and examine its validity. We extend Duan and Zhang's (2014) model to estimate the projected risk aversion coefficient using more information for the discrepancy of the physical from the risk-neutral...

We document that implied volatility (IV) curves extracted from short-term equity options frequently become concave prior to the earnings announcement day (EAD) reflecting a bimodal risk-neutral distribution for the underlying stock price. Firms with concave IV curves exhibit significantly higher...