Municipalities may have various motives for decisions on the mode of their task execution. Empirical studies – based on both public choice and transaction costs theory - have not yet provided a fully comprehensive explanation for municipal contracting out decisions. Therefore, we held...

In member states of the European Union, the current VAT treatment of activities of public authorities creates significant distortions in their decisionmaking between public provision and contracting out of public services. In several EU-member states, a refund of VAT to local governments...

The Waste Market Institutional Developments in Europe Edited by E. Dijkgraaf SEOR-ECRi, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and R.H.J.M. Gradus Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ^J...