In a world where billion-dollar corruption and money laundering schemes can travel through developed countries' financial institutions undetected, the only chance for any country's authorities to successfully address financial crime is to apply cutting edge technology for crime detection. At the...

There are serious shortcomings in the international and European framework rules for companies' beneficial ownership identification, verification and policing of the system, the FATF's (2012) 40 recommendations and the 4th EU Directive on anti-money laundering (2015) respectively. This paper...