In this paper, we propose a measure of the risk appetite of a bank's ownership structure and investigate whether ownership risk propensity is correlated with performance and default risk. Our indicator, the Risk-Weighted Ownership (RWO), assumes that credit risk is a proxy for the risk appetite...

This paper tests the impact of firms' ownership structure on firms' innovation decisions using a rich dataset of about 20,000 Italian manufacturers. After accounting for its possible endogeneity, we find that ownership concentration negatively affects the probability of innovation, especially by...