By 1914, there were very big economic gaps between the European industrial core and countries around the Mediterranean Basin. When did the gaps appear? Can they be explained by lags in the diffusion of the industrial revolution after 1770, or did the gaps appear much earlier? What about the...

The variance in the logarithms of per capita GDP in purchasing power-parity prices increased in the world form 1960 to 1968 and decreased since the mid 170s. In the later period the convergence in intercountry incomes more than offset any increase in within country inequality. Approximately...

We consider the following stage game: a domestic government chooses an import quota, the a domestic and a foreign firm choose their quality level before engaging a price competition. We first show that the indirect effect of the quota on the sales of the domestic producer are different depending...

Different market settings are considered in a free trade environment, where firms can choose technology, quality, and price of quantity. The shape of competition in prices requires the intervention of governments, via a common antidumping policy, to make firms converge on the simultaneous...

The poorest nations of the world suffer from extreme disease burdens, which go largely untreated because weak incomes and the prevailing system of intellectual property rights fail to provide sufficient incentives to develop new treatments and distribute them at low cost. Recent price reductions...