The main objective in this study is to examine the impact of changes in foreign prices and changes in monetary and real variables on domestic prices. The unit root test and error correction model are applied to test for the causality between the changes in exchange rate and domestic prices....

Höhere Ausgaben der ländlichen Haushalte für Brennstoffe als bei den städtischen Haushalten. Preiselastizität zwischen den verschiedenen Brennstoffarten relativ gering. Einsatz der Brennstoffe insgesamt sehr preisunelastisch. (DÜI-Seu)

While emerging economies face the challenge of competing with developed nations, they are capable of catching up to the developed world. In this context, financial development and the degree of economic openness may provide better living conditions for the current generation without giving up...

The energy needs of Pakistan have increased many folds in recent years due to improved lifestyle, ever-increasing population, and economic development. Biomass energy has emerged as a promising renewable energy source and has an enormous potential to fulfill the energy requirements of the...

Abstract The Government of Pakistan introduced smoking ordinance about health warning in 2009. This ordinance exhibits, prohibit smoking in public places, put restrictions on advertisements, and prohibits sale of cigarettes to minors. This study is to find out the impact of smoking expenditures...

In this study, we use the Hedonic property value method to estimate how a disamenity, bad odor from an open sewer system, affects housing prices in the city of Rawalpindi in Pakistan. We provide estimates of the benefits of converting the open system into a closed sewer system. We find that...

Pakistan showed a healthy growth rate of 5.6 percent during the entire history and faced many ups and down in the economic growth due to dramatic changes in the political regimes. The literature shows mixed results regarding the impact of autocracy or democracy on economic growth. The aggregate...