A space-time filter structure is introduced that can be used to accommodate dependence across space and time in the error components of panel data models that contain random effects. This general specification encompasses several more specific space-time structures that have been used recently...

A space–time filter is set forth for spatial panel data situations that include random effects. We propose a general spatial dynamic specification that encompasses several spatiotemporal models previously used in the panel data literature. We apply the model to the case of highway induced...

The focus is on cross-sectional dependence in panel trade flow models. We propose alternative specifications for modeling time invariant factors such as socio-cultural indicator variables, e.g., common language and currency. These are typically treated as a source of heterogeneity eliminated...