This paper introduces an estimation procedure for a random effects probit model in presence of heteroskedasticity and a … likelihood ratio test for homoskedasticity. The cases where the heteroskedasticity is due to individual effects or idiosyncratic … heteroskedasticity. Furthermore, the power of the test increases with larger individual and time dimensions. The robustness analysis …

conditions (with or without a unit root), and error characteristics (homoskedasticity or heteroskedasticity of different forms …

robust under cross sectional or time heteroskedasticity and inhomogeneous patterns of serial correlation. A Monte Carlo study …