According to the IMF, the current public debt makes up nearly 40 percent of the global debt, marking the highest share since the mid-1960s. Despite the vast research on alarming levels of sovereign default, the literature remains inconclusive. This paper investigates macroeconomic, financial,...

Africa, abundant in natural resources, faces growth challenges due to widespread energy poverty and heightened biofuel use with severe environmental impacts. Recognizing the connection between energy consumption and climate change is crucial for implementing sustainable solutions and...