The new trade theory literature suggests that R&D activities and production may be geographically separated. However, concurrent studies show a strong correlation between R&D and production (or exporting). This correlation is often attributed to border-induced disruptions in the flow of...

Recent scholarship on nonmarket strategies has sought to understand organizational decisions to target specific institutional venues for nonmarket actions. We contribute to this emerging literature by examining institutional targeting between specialized and general-purpose tribunals, which has...

A common notion in the literature is that weak patent protection encourages internalization because it allows the firm to retain direct control over its intellectual assets by building its own subsidiary. However, "inventing around" may counteract this process. This patent practice which is most...