This paper uses FAS 123R regulation to examine how reduction in CEO compensation incentives affects managerial 'playing-it-safe' behavior. Using proxies reflecting deliberate managerial efforts to change firm risk, difference-in-difference tests show that affected firms drastically reduce both...

This study examines the impact of promotion-based tournament incentives on corporate labor investment efficiency. We find that tournament incentives, measured as the pay gap between the CEO and the next layer of non-CEO senior executives, lead to inefficient labor investments, measured as the...

This study examines the impact of promotion-based tournament incentives on corporate labor investment efficiency. We find that tournament incentives, measured as the pay gap between the CEO and the next layer of non-CEO senior executives, lead to inefficient labor investments, measured as the...