The goal of Section I is to show the economic foundations for the form of the distortion function A[dt; κ] in equation (2). This is formalized through Proposition IA3 and Corollary IA4.Section II contains the proof of axiomatic consistency properties of the MAP performance measure (Section...

We develop an axiomatically consistent way of ranking and scoring funds that respects an industry benchmark. Our performance measure, termed MAP, accounts for the feature that investors may exhibit skepticism when evaluating investment strategies versus a benchmark. Linking developed theory to...

We develop a performance measure, termed MAP, which is based on the concept of ambiguity aversion, and is pertinent for actively managed funds that follow opaque investment strategies. When investors are ambiguity averse, our empirical evidence refutes the notion that many actively managed...