Globally, sustainability challenges are becoming even more material, reaching thresholds of importance to companies' long-term strategies, to their customers, and external stakeholders. From increasing demand for natural resources to economic disparity to climate change, companies are facing a...

Liquidity plays a significant role in the successful functioning of a business firm. A firm should ensure that it does not suffer from lack-of or excess liquidity to meet its short-term compulsions. A study of liquidity is of major importance to both the internal and the external analysts...

Integrated Marketing Communication is a business process or a strategy used to plan, develop, execute for brand communication program or to describe the product to your customers. The advancement of powerful communication mix in pharmaceutical advertising is complex task which identifies the...

Estimation of real worth of a stock is made by considering the earning potential of the company which depends on investment environment and factors relating to specific industry, competitiveness, quality of management, operational efficiency, profitability, capital structure and dividend policy....

Brand equity development has been a recent trend in the pharmaceutical industry and is seeing a rapid growth in this segment of the market. Brand equity is the most influential factor among various competitors and thus affects the industry in all sense. In the early days, the pharmaceutical...

Prediction of financial distress has been a major concern for all companies since the financial crisis of 2008. Financial distress is detrimental to big and small organisations alike. It is costly because it creates a tendency for firms to do things that are harmful to debt holders and...

Since last two decades, there is continuing research on company financing activities, particularly aimed at understanding how companies finance their investments and what source they use to finance their activities. Despite decades of intensive research, and hundreds of papers after Modigliani...

Liquidity plays an important role in the successful functioning of every business firm. The critical part in managing working capital is maintaining its liquidity in day-to-day operation to ensure its smooth running and to meet its obligations. Hence, it is of utmost importance to keep a...

Every economy faces many economical downfalls and crisis in an era which affects the entire world and shakes its stability disastrously. Recession being the one, is a decline in the Gross Domestic Product of a nation for two or more consecutive quarters. The Great Recession was a global economic...