Using an early warning system model, this paper provides empirical evidence on the causes of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, with a view to shedding light on policy lessons. The model shows that there were warning signals of heightened economic and financial vulnerabilities in each of the five...

Over the past 2 decades, income inequality has moderated in three middle-income countries in Southeast Asia—the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam—with multiple factors at play. In each country, wage, nonfarm business income, and overseas remittance concentrations declined as less well-off...