Sea surface winds and coastal winds, which have a significant influence on the ocean environment, are very difficult to predict. Although most planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations have demonstrated the capability to represent many meteorological phenomena, little attention has been...

This work aims to assess the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model wind simulation and wind energy production estimates sensitivity to different planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes. Five WRF simulations considering different sets of planetary boundary layer (PBL) and surface...

This paper analyses the effect wind turbulence on the output of large-sized wind turbines. A brief account of atmospheric stability and vertical temperature gradient is explained. The principal objective of this paper is to give an account of underlying principles and concepts without going into...