Concerns about law enforcer incentives being a¤ected by a desire to raise revenue for their departments or other governmental units has led to considerable research. Part of this scholarship attempts to identify a causal relationship between monetary incentives and distortions in en- forcer...

This article questions whether excessive policing practices can persist in an environment where law enforcement policies are subject to political pressures. Specifically, it considers a setting where the police decide whether to conduct stops based on the suspiciousness of a person's behavior...

Private protection and public policing interact in the fight against property crime. While property owners tailor their level of private protection to their property value, the level of public policing is chosen by elected officials for society as a whole. When the median voter's property is...