There is much controversy surrounding the poverty- environmental degradation nexus. The predominant school of thought argues that poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation and that poverty eradication is necessary first step in policies designed to tackle environmental problems....

There has been increasing pressure from governments and NGOs to restrict the international trade in waste in the belief that each nation should address its own waste disposal problems. In this paper we develop a Material Balance Flow Model to investigate if free trade in non-toxic waste can...