Keller and Levinson (2002) utilize state-level panel data on inflows of foreign direct investment along with an innovative measure of relative pollution abatement costs to assess the impact of environmental stringency on capital flows. Using standard parametric panel data models, the authors...

The concepts of an environmental Gini coefficient along with a measure of ''pollution elasticity'' are introduced and used to analyze the distribution of pollution across U.S. states from 1988 -- 1996. The special properties of the Gini coefficient allow one to decompose overall pollution...

The distribution of pollution is of just as much concern as the level of pollution, particularly if the areas located in the upper tail of the distribution are not randomly assigned. The literature on ‘environmental discrimination’ typically finds that even conditional on various locational...

We develop a theoretical model identifying channels through which trade impacts the environment. First, trade decouples some of regulation's costs from its benefits, prompting demand for stringent environmental regulations. Second, trade provides consumers with access to new varieties of goods;...