In settings with environmentally hazardous production, firms often operate in oligopoly or natural monopoly markets subject to both liability and negligence rules. We examine optimal deterrence under imperfect competition in settings with ex ante safety standards and ex post liability and...

This paper examines the effect of stringent environmental regulations on firms' environmental practices, economic performance, and environmental innovation. Reducing COD levels by 10% relative to 2005 levels is an aim of the Chinese 11th Five-Year Plan. Using a difference-in-differences...

Influenza and air pollution are significant public health risks with large economic consequences shared across the globe. The common etiological pathways through which they harm health present an interesting case of compounding risk via interacting externalities. Using regional and temporal...