This study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and economic growth by incorporating the role of urbanization, coal consumption and CO2 emissions as additional variables to avoid omitted variable bias. The different order of integration from the unit root test...

Currently, energy consumption has increased exponentially. Using fossil fuels to produce energy generates high shares of carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gases. Moreover, financial authorities at the global and European levels have recognized that climate change poses new risks for...