This study complements existing literature by examining the nexus between energy consumption (EC), CO2 emissions (CE) and economic growth (GDP) in 24 African countries using a panel ARDL approach. The following findings are established. First, there is a long run relationship between EC, CE and...

The purpose of this article is to question these alternative models and whether they would actually improve environmental quality. From the modeling, three main results emerged. First, Saudi Arabia is shown to be converging toward a model of sustainability and sustainable development, despite...