We study a two-period supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, who participates in a cap-and-trade scheme and faces an uncertain emission permit price, and a retailer, who sells the product from the manufacturer to consumer and faces a price-sensitive demand. In the face of uncertain future...

In this paper, a stochastic translog production function frontier is specified to estimate the input-oriented technical efficiency of 11 major Australian irrigation schemes. The analysis is applied to a panel data set including the years 1998/1999, 1999/2000 and 2000/2001. The environmental...