This Article suggests that in addressing problems of environmental degradation in developing countries, policymakers and scholars have neglected the important question of regulatory design. While a country’s long-term improvement in environmental conditions almost certainly depends on...

This paper constitutes a chapter in a book on maritime pollution liability and policy in China, Europe and the U.S. and deals with criminal liability for oil pollution damage from an economic perspective. After an introduction first the economic theory of criminalisation is applied to oil...