In this study, we consider two competing methods, traditional mean/variance efficient portfolio and a generalization allowing for skewness as a Bayesian decision problem. Using observed (market) weights we investigate the market's preference for risk. We do this with bilevel optimization, where...

This study explores the effectiveness of various methods for measuring risk tolerance, with the aim to better understand the risk-taking attitudes and behaviors of financial decision-makers. Using data collected between October 2020 and March 2021, the research investigates three key areas: (a)...