In this paper, we establish a comparison between one of the most traded financial derivatives in the markets, the so-called catastrophe bonds (abbreviated as cat bonds) and the corporate bonds. In the first section, we start from a brief definition as well as some basic concepts. In section two,...

Derivatives are at the very heart of the recent financial disasters, and the surveillance of their downside risk is of paramount importance both to practitioners and regulators. We survey and present original managerial methods to efficiently control the downside risk of derivatives portfolios....

Equities tend to give high returns accompanied with high risk level. Commodities exhibit similar nature but exhibit inverse return movements compared to equities. Although, Equities and Commodities have risk- return parity, the volume traded in commodities is much larger and have longer trading...

In recent research on asset allocation attention has been paid to time variations in the expected return on stocks. In particular, how does the long horizon variation in expected returns influence the inter-temporal hedging demand for stocks. Unfortunately, this problem for investors leads to a...

Climate-linked bonds, issued by governments and supranational organizations, are pivotal in advancing towards a net-zero economy. These bonds adjust their payoffs based on climate variables such as average temperature and greenhouse gas emissions, providing investors a hedge against long-term...