The standard formula of the Solvency II framework employs an approximate value-at-risk approach to define risk-based capital requirements. The parameterization of the standard formula determines how much additional capital insurers need in order to back investments in risky assets. This paper...

Modern regulatory capital standards, such as the Solvency II standard formula, employ a correlation based approach for risk aggregation. The so-called "square-root formula" uses correlation parameters between, for example, market risk, non-life insurance risk and default risk to determine the...

Tail-correlation matrices are an important tool for aggregating risk measurements across risk categories, asset classes and/or business segments. This paper demonstrates that traditional tail-correlation matriceshich are conventionally assumed to have ones on the diagonalan lead to substantial...

Socially responsible investing (SRI) continues to gain momentum in the financial market space for various reasons, starting with the looming effect of climate change and the drive toward a net-zero economy. Existing SRI approaches have included environmental, social, and governance (ESG)...

Socially responsible investing (SRI) continues to gain momentum in the financial market space for various reasons, starting with the looming effect of climate change and the drive toward a net-zero economy. Existing SRI approaches have included environmental, social, and governance (ESG)...

Sozial verantwortliches Investieren (Socially Responsible Investing, SRI) gewinnt an den Finanzmärkten aus verschiedenen Gründen zunehmend an Bedeutung, beispielsweise aufgrund der sich abzeichnenden Auswirkungen des Klimawandels oder des Strebens nach einer Netto-Null-Wirtschaft. Bestehende...