We propose a Traffic Light approach to backtesting Expected Shortfall which is completely consistent with, and analogous to, the Traffic Light approach to backtesting VaR (Value at Risk) initially proposed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in their 1996 consultative document Basle...

We investigate whether sophisticated volatility estimation improves the out-of-sample performance of mean-variance portfolio strategies relative to the naive 1/N strategy. The portfolio strategies rely solely upon second moments. Using a diverse group of econometric and portfolio models across...

In this note, we present a simple, practical and easily implementable coverage test to backtest any spectral risk measure. Our test gives a single decision at a specified confidence level and is perfectly consistent with the binomial test for VaR. Particular attention is given to the special...