The study reexamines bond valuation and default risk by considering and relaxing assumptions regarding integer rating migration and portfolio rating migration, and consequently the implied degree of diversification. A reduced form model, based on (a) rating migration (matrix) serves as the basis...

The study re-examines bond valuation and default risk, by considering and relaxing assumptions regarding integer rating migration, and portfolio rating migration, and consequently the implied degree of diversification. A reduced form model, based on (a) rating migration (matrix), serve as basis...

Post-crisis reforms changed the location of safe asset production. I propose a pair of tests to identify who issues safe assets and which safe asset issuers opportunistically time issuance when the price of safe assets is high. The Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system is a newly crucial safe...