We investigate the pricing timing strategy in the context of trade credit (TC), under which the capital-constrained retailer applies for deferred payments from its supplier. Based on the wholesale price offered by the supplier, the retailer determines the order volume before observing the random...

Purpose -The purpose of this article is based on the unit patent license fee model in the closed-loop supply chain. Design/methodology/approach - This paper analyzes the impact of the bundling strategy of the retailer selling new products and remanufactured products on the closed-loop supply...