Some marketing orders allow an agricultural industry to regulate the flow of product to market. We examine a more common, but less controversial, aspect of marketing orders, the setting and enforcement of grades, and show that purposefully introducing error into the grading process reduces...

Carrying multiple brands and holding periodic sales are two common marketing strategies for sellers with market power. One puzzle is that sellers often employ diverse strategies in terms of using these two tools. This paper offers an explanation to this puzzle by providing a simple framework to...