We offer a new explanation of equilibrium rationing. As is well known, a monopolist selling a durable good and not able to commit to a price sequence has an incentive to lower the price once the consumers with the greatest willingness to pay have bought, but this induces consumers to postpone...

We study price personalization in a two period duopoly with vertically differentiated products. In the second period a firm knows the purchase history of all customers, as in the standard Behavior Based Price Discrimination models. However in the second period it also has detailed personal...

We analyze, by means of a formal economic model, the use of price-cost tests to assess the competitive effects of loyalty discounts. In the model, a dominant firm enjoys a competitive advantage over its rivals and uses loyalty discounts as a means to boost the demand for its product. We show...