We examine the impact of shareholder litigation on short selling ahead of PIPEs. We find that PIPE issuers that incurred securities class action lawsuits prior to the PIPE are shorted more heavily ahead of the PIPE issue. The case status at the PIPE date, the severity of the lawsuit, and the...

We show that cross-border LBO investments involving U.S. rather than non-U.S. private equity (PE) investors are more likely to have a successful exit (IPO or acquisition). Exogenous increases in effective proximity following the signing of “Open-Sky” agreements between the U.S. and target...

We find that the offer price of a private investment in public equity (PIPE) is lower than the prevailing market price (i.e., large discount) when the tax rate on investors’ capital gains is high. Using unique data on PIPE investor identities (which are not available for initial public...