The real cash incomes of the population in 2020 decreased by 3.0% compared to 2019, the real disposable cash incomes contracted by 3.5%. Consumption model of Russian people has changed in the wake of the pandemic: the share of expenses on services has decreased to near 2016 level, meanwhile the...

In April 2020, due to the introduction of lockdown, consumer demand significantly dropped. A year later, in April 2021, when the epidemiological situation caused ever less concern, the consumption of goods and services increased, almost recovering to the pre-pandemic level: for example, the...

Since November 2014, the population's real disposable money income have been steadily on the decline. Data for January – September 2015 point to a rising poverty rate. In 2015, the share of personal income spent on commodities and services hit its record low of the past 16 years. The share of...