State governments receive an exogenous tax windfall whenever their residents win a multi-state lottery. These lottery tax windfalls are counter-cyclical but occur during a range of economic conditions. Therefore, lottery tax windfalls enable us to estimate the impact of fiscal policy on...

We find that consumption risk is lower in states that implement counter-cyclical fiscal policies. Moreover, firms whose investor base are concentrated in counter-cyclical states have lower stock returns, along with firms that relocate their headquarters to a counter-cyclical state. Therefore,...

Electricity consumption is a useful real-time proxy for economic activities, as most modern-day economic activities involve the use of electricity, which cannot be easily stored. Empirically, electricity consumption data is widely available in high frequency at both aggregate and disaggregate...

Electricity consumption is a useful real-time proxy for economic activities, as most modern-day economic activities involve the use of electricity, which cannot be easily stored. Empirically, electricity consumption data is widely available in high frequency at both aggregate and disaggregate...

We construct measures of expected information consumption (EIC) to test whether information processing by investors is associated with a risk premium. We show that most expected information processing about individual firms occurs during spillovers, when peer firm or macroeconomic announcements...