The corporate philanthropy literature generally assumes corporate philanthropy is either voluntary or strategic. Institutional theory has downplayed coercion as an isomorphic mechanism. Using the case of China, this paper contributes to both literatures by demonstrating that state coercion can...

This study investigates the impact of different types of state ownership on corporate governance, with particular reference to state-owned enterprises in China. Our findings are that Chinese institutional reforms have produced diversified state ownership regimes. We argue that different types of...