Italy's economic stagnation is a matter of fiscal, national, and European concern. Since a good remedy requires an … Italy's recent economic record, the paper reviews three families of explanations: "unwillingness to reform" accounts … this synthesis, the paper argues that Italy's recent stagnation can be traced back to two key moments: first, a failed …

inputs off-shoring. Third, in terms of the productivity dynamics over the period 1998-2003, exporters' performance in Italy …

directions since then: Italy privatized its publicly-owned banks while Germany has maintained a large share of state …