Organization's environmental uncertainty induces greater variability in reported earnings, and accentuates the information asymmetry between managers and outside stakeholders. Managers have the incentives to reduce such variability via income smoothing and hence reduce information asymmetry for...

It is argued in the literature that accounting conservatism may be used as a substitute for management earnings forecasts (MEFs) to reduce information asymmetry between investors and management (Hui et al., 2009). We document in this study that accounting conservatism serves as a substitute for...

This study examines whether a regulation on mandatory disclosure of earnings forecasts encourages managers to issue more optimistic earnings forecasts, and whether the optimistic forecasts are revised downward or the reported earnings are managed upward using discretionary accruals to reduce the...