This paper presents a stochastic integrated model to forecast the German population and labour supply until 2060. Within a cohort-component approach, the population forecast applies principal components to birth, mortality, emigration and immigration rates. The labour force participation rates...

Many countries have implemented social programmes providing long-term financial or in-kind entitlements. These programmes often focus on specific age-groups and consequently their expenditure streams are subject to demographic change. Given the strains already existing on public budgets,...

A multi-factor carbon price prediction method MEEMD-LSTM is proposed based on traditional Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) neural network. Multi-factor used in carbon price prediction method included the historical carbon price and other factors which affect carbon price fluctuation. The change...