This paper starts from four observations: (1) voter turnout is declining in established democracies; (2) low turnout means socio-economically unequal turnout; (3) compulsory voting is an effective means to increase turnout; (4) even low-turnout countries, however, have neither introduced nor...

At first glance, the social purpose and the democratic potential of the EU have made progress in the last 15 years. However, this impression is misleading. We argue instead that the social and democratic potentials of the EU are crucially shaped by the heterogeneity of European varieties of...

At first glance, the social purpose and the democratic potential of the EU have made progress in the last 15 years. However, this impression is misleading. We argue instead that the social and democratic potentials of the EU are crucially shaped by the heterogeneity of European varieties of...

Die politische und die wirtschaftliche Integration Europas sind eng verwoben. Betrachtet man das Zusammenwirken beider Bereiche, wird deutlich, dass Europa aus einer Vielzahl historisch gewachsener Wirtschafts- und Sozialmodelle besteht. Welche wirtschaftlichen und politischen Veränderungen die...