Over the past few years, many public transport companies have launched pilot projects testing the operation of electric buses. The basic objective of these projects is to substitute diesel buses with electric buses within the companies’ daily operations. Despite an extensive media coverage,...

The Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problem (E-VSP) complicates traditional bus scheduling for public transport by restricting the range of the buses. To compensate for these limitations, detours to charging stations become necessary in order to charge the vehicle batteries. Charging is a nonlinear...