"The authors review a number of studies on the effectiveness of utility regulatory agency and governance arrangements for the electricity industry, particularly for developing countries. They discuss governance criteria and their measurement, both legal frameworks and surveys of regulatory...

The paper reviews a number of studies of the effectiveness of utility regulatory agency and governance arrangements for the electricity industry, particularly for developing countries. It discusses governance criteria and their measurement, both legal frameworks and surveys of regulatory...

Since 1990, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have been under considerable pressure to develop explicit regulatory institutions. Initially, the main pressure for this policy came from the World Bank and other international lending agencies. Indeed, the requirement for an independent...