In today's competitive environment, most companies tend to adopt a hybrid manufacturing strategy to provide more reliable services to a wide range of customers. Based on a real-world case study, we investigate a production-inventory-distribution system of a company in a complex supply chain. In...

Traditionally, most applications in the initial stage of forest supply chain deal with sawlogs to sawmills, pulpwood to pulp or paper mills and forest residues to heating plants. However, in the past decades, soaring prices of fossil fuel, global awareness about CO2 emission and increasing...

To produce pulp for paper production or as market pulp is a complicated on-line process with many integrated stages that impact the final quality. In the bleaching plant which is at the end of pulp production, the main objective is to increase pulp brightness within specified limits. Here...